Robots of Saturn - the Fifth Dig Allen Space Explorer Adventure

This penultimate adventure of Dig Allen, Space Explorer brings us one step closer to the final book in the series.  We have visited Mercury, Venus, Mars, the asteroid belt, and Jupiter, and now, in this fifth book, author Joseph Greene takes us on a trip to Saturn - or, more specifically, the rings of Saturn.  Greene offers a great dedication at the beginning of the book, "To the young people whoa re reading stories of space today, and who will on the moon tomorrow."  Since this book was published in 1962, Greene and his readers were still seven years away from man actually walking on the moon; thus, his dedication was more prophetic than he likely ever knew.  Greene lived until 1990, so he was alive to see a number of trips into space and the moon, and one has to wonder if he ever looked back at his science fiction stories and realized just how far-fetched many of them were in light of what science was discovering about our solar system and the planets in it.

 

Robots of Saturn is certainly a dead-on title for this book, since the story deals with exactly that - robots being used to mine the rings of Saturn.   When Dig and his friends get a call from Dr. Barry (the twins' father) asking for their help, they head out immediately.  What they learn is that Dr. Barry is heading an expedition to the rings of Saturn, where they will mine some very rare minerals that cannot be found elsewhere - minerals that can be used to create an indestructible metal that can withstand even the heat and deadly radiation of the sun itself!  But the only way to mine the minerals is through a new technology that allows man to interface with robots - in other words, they can transfer their minds and essence into a robot that they can then "live" through to do work a normal man cannot!  Professor Norwyn is the scientist who has developed these robots, and Greg and Maxie are the two space men who have volunteered to transfer themselves into the robots to mine the rings.  Needless to say, there is trouble when robot disappears, and it seems someone is out to sabotage the entire mining operation!

 

Published in 1962, one wonders if author Joseph Greene got some of his ideas for these robots from the great sci-fi author, Isaac Asimov.  Asimov introduced what is known as the "Three Laws of Robotics" in his 1942 short story, "Runaround," which include (1) a robot may not injure a human being or allow a human being to be harmed; (2) a robot must obey human orders except where such order would conflict with the first rule; and (3) a robot must protect its own existence as long as that protection does not conflict with the first two laws.  Greene, in this story, sets up very similar rules, but expands it to five rules:  (1) a robot shall not harm a human being; (2) a robot shall not permit a human being to be harmed; (3) a robot shall not permit a human to bring harm to himself; (4) a robot must obey all orders given by a human unless it conflicts with the first three rules; and (5) a robot must protect itself, unless it conflicts with the first four rules.  As you can see, these are basically the same rules established 20 years prior to Asimov in his short story.

 

Greene does provide some scientific detail (at least, what was known at that time) regarding the various rings of Saturn.  Most of the story, however, takes place in the Central Ring and the Cassini Space-Gap that separates the outer ring from the next one heading towards the planet (p. 61).  As it turns out, these facts are accurate.  The "A" and "B" rings are the brightest, separated by the "Cassini division."  Both of these rings are made up of chunks of water ice, some only an inch in diameter, while others are larger than buildings.  Now, in the book, The Cassini gap is described as being "3,360 miles wide" (p. 61); however, in reality, scientists have determined the separation is actually more like 2,290 miles (4,700 km) wide.  That's still a large distance to cross!

 

The story is adventure from the first chapter to the last, as Dig and Ken have their turn in the robots, only to learn that the saboteur has no problem with trapping them with the ice of the inner ring, or even worse - electrifying the robots to destroy their brains, and thus killing the two boys!  The discovery of more robots (even after the Professor indicated that there were no more built yet) only makes the situation worse, as Dr. Barry and the boys are left to wonder - is someone controlling the robots, or have they gone rogue and are following their own directive?

 

This book sees the return of Myron Strauss as the illustrator (he provided the illustrations in the first book).  Strauss's art is just as good as it was for the first book; however, there are much fewer illustrations, and most of the ones in this book are of the robots - we get very few illustrations that show human characters.  There is no indication who provided the cover art, but since there is no other reference, we can assume that Strauss provided the cover art (since the last book specifically indicated there was a different cover artist than the interior artist).  The only thing I find odd about the cover is Saturn with its rings are shown in the background, but the boys with the two robots are some distance away in the foreground.  No scene like this appears anywhere in the book.  I assume it was simply an artistic way to show the entirety of Saturn, while also showing the main characters and the robots.

 

Everyone that has praised this series definitely has had reason to do so.  I believe the stories have gotten better and stronger as they series progresses (even if some of the sci-fi aspects are way beyond believable at times - but, hey, written back in the early '60s, after coming through a decade of sci-fi schlock at the theaters, what can we expect?).  It's rather sad that the next book is also the last.  One must wonder, if the series continued, would we have seen trips to Neptune and Pluto, and maybe even beyond?

 

RATING:  9 deadly bolt bombs out of 10 for a crazy-fun robot adventure filled with space-faring feats of bravery and quick-thinking, with just a smidge of mystery to boot! 

 

The Forgotten Star - the First Dig Allen Space Explorer Adventure

This is another one of those series that I normally would not have picked up. I had seen the first couple of books in the series on a number of occasions in antique malls or in used book stories, and I regularly passed them up, as they were not mystery stories - they were stories about space exploration and adventure.  However, as time passed, I found myself curious about them - after all, the main character was a red-headed boy with freckles like me (well, like I used to be a ... ah-hem ... few years ago!).  Plus, the concept seemed somewhat similar to the '80s Tom Swift series, which was also about a young boy and his friends having adventures in space.  So, I picked up one, then another, and soon enough I had the first five of the six-book series.  It was not until recently that, thanks to a good friend, I was able to get that sixth and final book to complete the series, and thus, I was able to start reading them.

 

The Forgotten Star is the first book in the series, which introduces readers not only to Digby ("Dig") Allen, but also to his supporting cast. In fact, we meet the supporting cast before we meet the main character himself!  Our story opens at the turn of the 22nd Century, as a spaceship is shuttling people to the moon, where they will either be vacationing or taking up residence.  Two of those passengers happen to be Jim Barry and his younger brother, Ken, who are heading to join their mother and scientist father who already live there.  Before they reach the moon (and before the first chapter ends), the adventure begins when they are boarded by the Space Guard, who are looking for a stowaway.  As it turns out, the stowaway is none other than Dig Allen, who, coincidentally enough, happens to be hiding in the Barry boys' room.  Dig must get to the moon to begin the search for his missing father, the only relative he has left, and the Barry brothers are only to happy to help him elude capture.

 

What is odd about the entire story is that it is pretty much told from Jim and Ken's point-of-view. While Dig is in the story, the reader actually follows the Barry brothers as they land on the moon, reunite with their parents, meet the young alien Woody who lives with them, are questioned and then trained on space piloting by Sergeant Brool with the Space Guard, and ultimately happen upon Captain Ahab in the spaceship junk yard, where they finally meet up again with Dig Allen.  He and Ahab have been putting together a space-worthy ship that will take Dig out to search for his missing father.  Before they even take off, however, Sergeant Brool contacts the Barrys to inform them that Captain Allen's ship has been found - abandoned and drifting in space!  The mystery then begins: what happened to Boyd Allen, and what does the telegram Allen sent his son on January 15, 2161 (just before he disappeared) really mean?  What exactly is "No. 433," and what are the legends, myths, rumors, and tall stories surrounding it?  Dig, along with the help of his new friends, Jim and Ken, are determined to find out the answers to these questions, and in so doing, find the missing Captain Boyd Allen.

 

The series is written by Joseph Greene (a/k/a Joseph Lawrence Greene, 1914-1990), who created Tom Corbett, Space Cadet prior to his creation of the Dig Allen series.  Greene also did a lot of writing in the comic book field, including a number of titles for DC Comics' All-American books (of which Wonder Woman, Hawkman, Aquaman, Green Arrow, and Superman were just a few).  He also worked on the Tom Corbett, Space Cadet comic series published by Dell Publications, which, of course, were based on his own creation.  He later edited, and possibly was the ghostwriter of, the Tom Corbett, Space Cadet series for Grosset & Dunlap. It wasn't until 1959 that this first book in the Dig Allen, "A Science Fiction Adventure" series was first published by Golden Press (who also published the Kathy Martin nurse stories, the Brains Benton mysteries, as well as the Ellery Queen Jr. mysteries and the Vicky Loring stories).  It is evident that Greene was a science fiction fan himself, since most of his books for young adults were sci-fi tales set in outer space.  The story in this first book goes beyond the mystery of Dig Allen's father and also explores an alien race and their advanced technology (the discovery of which ultimately gets Dig and his new friends from being forever grounded from space travel due to their antics, which violated any number of Space Guard protocols!).

 

The interior illustrations (and possibly the cover art as well, although I cannot confirm that) were provided by Myron Strauss. From what I can gather in researching Strauss, it appears Greene was not the only one with a connection to comic books.  Strauss provided cover and interior art for several comic book series published by Centaur Publications back in the late 1930s and early 1940s.  He later became a teacher at Art & Design in New York, and from what I was able to gather based upon quite a large number of posts online, he was a very popular and well-liked teacher. The illustrations in this book are line drawings, but not your typical black and white; rather, there is a 1/3 page illustration, in addition to the occasional full page illustration.  The illustrations in the first third of the book are a bluish line color, while the second third of the book is done with an orange line color, and the final third of the book has green-line illustrations.  I found this an interesting choice, but I liked it - it gave the book a different feel, setting it apart from the typical series books of the time.

 

The back cover of this first book features an ad for "Fiction for Boys and Girls," listing six different series published by Golden Press at the time.  I'm assuming this must be a later printing of the first book, as it lists the entire six-book series for Dig Allen, and it lists more books in the other series that does the back of other books I have in the Dig Allen series. One thing that caught my eye was the listing of three books for the Vicky Loring Stories.  I know for a fact there are only two books ever published in that series (as I have them both); and while the third book, Double Deception, was advertised, it was never actually published, making it another "phantom title" in the series book realm.

 

It should also be mentioned that while you can find all six of the books in this same hardcover, picture cover format, the first two books (at least) were published in paperback as "A Golden Griffon Space Mystery" by Western Publishing Company.  These two paperbacks have completely different cover art, and as I don't own either, I can't say whether they have any interior illustrations.  The first book was also published in a hardcover format with a dust jacket, which dust jacket sported the same cover art as this picture cover edition.  The dust jacket format is not impossible to find, but it is definitely not cheap!

 

On a final note, the author does dedicate the book to "Ellen, Robert, Paul and Stormy" and goes on to say "without whose constant help this book would have been written sooner."  I thought this was a rather humorous dedication, as it seems to indicate that these four (who I am assuming are his children?) kept him busy and did not allow him to write as much, nor as fast, as he would have liked to have written.  However, I have no doubt it was done in loving jest.

 

The book was admittedly not my cup of tea.  I am not a fan of general science fiction such as this, and it took me a bit to get into the story.  However, even I can concede that by the time I made it past the half-way point, and Dig and his friends had managed to find out what "No. 433" meant and made their way, the story picked up its pace and interest a bit, and I found it a bit more palatable.  By the end of the story, I found I did somewhat enjoy it, and while I had doubts as to whether I would continue reading the series, I am now willing to give book two a try.

 

RATING:   6 hollowed-out asteroids with alien civilizations out of 10 for some clearly 1950s' style sci-fi action and adventure with some pretty likable lead characters.